A large part of Russia lies in the temperate climatic zone. The North of the country — on the Islands of the Arctic ocean and part of the land areas — is located in the Arctic and subarctic zones, South black sea coast of the Caucasus — in the tropics. The climate is almost everywhere continental, in the extreme North-West of the sea. In the Central and East-European plains, as a rule, moderate, in Siberia and in the far East is sharply continental, with the big differences of temperatures in the daytime and at night, hot summers and cold, high rates of snowfalls in the winter. In the South of the Russian Far East temperate monsoon. The average January temperature is from 0 C to -5 degrees C in the Northern spurs of the Caucasus mountains and in the West-the European part and to -40 C, -50 C in Yakutia, in July — from+1 C for the Northern coast of Siberia to+24-25 degrees C in the Caspian lowland. In Eastern Siberia is a pole of cold of the Northern hemisphere — the city of Oimyakon (minimal temperature of January -72 degrees C). The largest number of the precipitation is in the mountains of Caucasus and Altai (up to 2,000 mm per year) , in the South of the Far East (up to 1,000 mm) and in the forests of the East-European plain (up to 700 mm) , and the smallest — in the pre-Caspian lowland (about 150 mm a year).